Coastal engineering focuses on mitigating shoreline erosion caused by wave action, tidal currents, and longshore sediment transport. Coastal structures are broadly classified into hard engineering defenses—such as seawalls, groynes, breakwaters, and revetments—designed to reflect or dissipate wave energy and trap sand along littoral drift pathways. Hydraulic design calculations incorporate wave height, significant wave period, and run-up elevation to determine structural stability against intense marine hydrodynamic forces. With rising sea levels and intensifying tropical cyclone frequencies along India's extensive coastline (spanning over 7,500 kilometers across both the eastern and western seaboards), traditional rigid seawalls frequently experience severe toe scour and structural failure. Contemporary coastal management in India is shifting toward soft and hybrid engineering solutions, including beach nourishment, sand-motor installations, and submerged offshore breakwaters c...