Hydropower development harnesses the potential energy of stored or flowing water. The primary tool for assessing power generation potential at a river site is the Flow Duration Curve (FDC), which plots stream discharge $(Q)$ on the vertical axis against the percentage of time that flow is equaled or exceeded on the horizontal axis. Firm (base) power is evaluated using $95\%$ or $100\%$ dependable flow $(Q_{95}$ or $Q_{100}),$ whereas firm plus secondary power is evaluated using higher discharges. The total electrical power output $(P)$ in kilowatts is calculated via: $$P = \frac{\eta \cdot \gamma_w \cdot Q \cdot H_n}{1000}$$ Where $\eta$ is overall plant efficiency (turbine $\times$ generator efficiency), $\gamma_w$ is the unit weight of water $(9810\text{ N/m}^3)$, $Q$ is turbine discharge $(\text{m}^3/\text{s})$, and $H_n$ is the net head $(H_n = H_{gross} - h_f)$ after accounting for penstock friction losses $(h_f).$ India's transition toward renewable grid stabilization rel...