Civil engineering in Gujarat

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SUBMERGED INTAKE STRUCTURE

  SUBMERGED INTAKE These intake structures are entirely constructed under water hence called submerged intake structure.  Generally the lake has shallow depth at the bank and center of lake has appropriate depth for intake to draw water so submerged intake provided at center of the lake. We also can say it is as lake intake. It is under the water hence operation and maintenance is quite difficult. 
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CANAL INTAKE STRUCTURE

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  CANAL INTAKE Canal intake structure An irrigation canal used as the source of water when other source are far from the city. Intake structure constructed near the bank of canal. An intake chamber created inside the canal using concrete or masonry having one bell mouth entry pipe inside it. Intake chamber has opening guarded with coarse screen and bell mouth entry protected with fine screen or mesh. Bell mouth entry located at expected low water level of the canal. Water enters from this bell mouth entry and conveyed through withdrawal conduits to sump well or city.
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Weather and climate

  Weather and Climate The basic consideration to distinguish between weather and climate is duration. Alternatively we can say that the difference between weather and climate is measure of time.weather consists of the short-term (minutes, days or months) changes in the atmosphere. However, climate  is the average weather condition over a long time(years, decades or centuries) and space or region. Weather Weather can be defined by terms given as: temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, brightness, visibility, wind, and atmospheric pressure (as in high and low pressure) and in most places, it can change from minute-to-minute, hour-to-hour and day-to-day. So as definition we can say that the short term atmospheric condition of any place is the weather, which may vary by time-to-time. Weather may restrict transportation services, agricultural activities and other day to day occupations may be affected by weather. We can observe the changes in the weather condition in fre...
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DRY INTAKE STRUCTURE

  DRY INTAKE There is no water in the water tower in the dry type water intake structure. Entry ports are made at different levels so that water can enter in the driest period.  Water enters through entry ports at required level and directly conveyed to the withdrawal pipe. Tower used only for operation purposes does not contain water in it. Operating and maintenance are easy for these types of structures. Dry intake has no water inside the tower so due to outer water buoyant force acts on the structure. Hence the weight of structure is enough to withstand against this buoyant force.
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Cracks in Beams and Columns

Beams, Columns and other concrete structures is liable to have cracks in their two states, one in prehardening or plastic state and other in hardened state. Beams and columns with cracks are dangerous as they can no longer able to support design loads. Different conditions of loading and responce of structure shows different cracks formation in structure.  Let's discuss in short cracks in beams and columns; Crack in Beams, 1) Flexure crack When flexural capacity of R C beam is not adequate and cross section of the beam has insufficient main reinforcement or cross reinforcement, flexure cracks may develop in the beam. A single crack or group of crack starts where bending moment is maximum and the maximum width of crack found at bottom or top of the beam. Proper design may eliminate this cracks. 2) Torsion crack, This crack is similar to flexure crack as here torsional capacity and torsion reinforcement is inadequate and hence crack developing at whete torsion moment is maximum. This...
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Statue of unity

STATUE OF UNITY (began in 2013 and completed in 2018) It is the world's tallest statue(twice the statue of Liberty) with a height of 182 (597ft) metres above ground level. The statue can be seen within a 7 km (4.3 mi) radius. The total height of the structure is 240 m (790 ft), with a base of 58 m (190 ft) above FFL hence total height is (240 - 58=) 182 m. It rises 54 metres (177 ft or 40%) higher than the previous record holder, the Spring Temple Buddha in China's Henan province. The height of 182 was specifically chosen to match the number of seats in the Gujarat Legislative Assembly. Statue of Unity has been dedicated to the Nation on the 143rd Birth Anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. The previous tallest statue in India was the 41m (135 ft) statue of Hanuman at the Paritala Anjaneya Temple near Vijayawada in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The statue depicts Vallabhbhai Patel responsible for the integration of princely states(562) into the modern Republic o...
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