Evaluating downstream inundation risks following hypothetical dam failure requires modeling breach geometry development over time. Froehlich’s Empirical Equations estimate final average breach width $(\bar{B},$ in meters) and breach formation time $(t_f,$ in hours) based on reservoir parameters: $\bar{B} = 0.27 \cdot k_0 \cdot V_w^{0.32} \cdot h_b^{0.28} \quad \text{and} \quad t_f = 0.011 \cdot V_w^{0.47} \cdot h_b^{-0.90}$ Where $V_w$ is reservoir storage volume at breach $(\text{m}^3)$, $h_b is breach height $(\text{m})$, and $k_0$ is a mode-of-failure factor (1.0 for piping, 1.3 for overtopping). The peak outflow discharge $(Q_p)$ issuing through the breach is governed by broad-crested weir hydraulics: $Q_p = 1.48 \cdot \bar{B} \cdot h_b^{1.5}$ Under the national Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP), dam safety authorities across India mandate emergency action plans (EAPs) backed by numerical dam breach simulations. Engineers couple parametric breach formulation...