Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS): Absorption Kinetics, Transport Thermodynamics, and Geological Storage Mechanics
Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) infrastructure provides a critical engineered pathway for deep industrial decarbonization, capturing $\text{CO}_2$ emissions from large point sources such as thermal power plants, steel mills, and cement kilns. The CCUS chain encompasses chemical separation, high-pressure pipeline transport thermodynamics, and long-term geological sequestration in deep saline aquifers or depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs. Post-combustion chemical absorption relies on reversible reactive amine solvents (such as Monoethanolamine [MEA]). The mass transfer flux ($N_{\text{CO}_2}$) of $\text{CO}_2$ into the liquid absorbent interface in a packed column is modeled using two-film theory enhanced by the chemical reaction enhancement factor ($E$): $$N_{\text{CO}_2} = E \cdot k_L \cdot \left( C_{\text{CO}_2, i} - C_{\text{CO}_2, b} \right)$$ Where $k_L$ is the physical liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient, $C_{\text{CO}_2, i}$ is interfacial $\text{CO}_2$ co...