Weather and climate

Weather and Climate

The basic consideration to distinguish between weather and climate is duration. Alternatively we can say that the difference between weather and climate is measure of time.weather consists of the short-term (minutes, days or months) changes in the atmosphere. However, climate is the average weather condition over a long time(years, decades or centuries) and space or region.

Weather

Weather can be defined by terms given as: temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, brightness, visibility, wind, and atmospheric pressure (as in high and low pressure) and in most places, it can change from minute-to-minute, hour-to-hour and day-to-day.
So as definition we can say that the short term atmospheric condition of any place is the weather, which may vary by time-to-time.
Weather may restrict transportation services, agricultural activities and other day to day occupations may be affected by weather.
We can observe the changes in the weather condition in frequent manner.
Weather forecasting is observed by the Meteorological Department of any particular region(place), and the weather study is known as Meteorology.
Weather is the situation happens for a small time, hence it's effect observed nearer the ground. So the changes in the weather are mostly observed in Troposphere. The factors which are responsible for causing these changes are temperature, humidity, air pressure, etc.
Now-a-days, it’s very to easy predict the weather of a given time and location.

Climate

Scientists define the climate as the average weather for a particular region and time period, usually taken over 30-years.
Climate is the presentation of the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area.
When we say about climate, we are considering averages of temperature, precipitation,wind velocity, sunshine hours, humidity, phenomenon such as fog, frost, hail storms and other elements of the weather that occur over a long duration in a certain area or place.
Climate affects agriculture services, industries services, the livelihood of the peoples for alng time and remedial measures of it become a challenge.
The changes in the climate take a long time, sometimes also takes centuries.
The Climate Prediction Centre in a particular large region predicts climate and its study is known as Climatology.
Climate conditions shows large areas - like countries, or any cities and It is the average of weather conditions over a long time and that area.
The record of the climate conditions like the hottest and/or coldest day, or the amount of rainfall, etc. is also maintained by the respective authority or people of that particular area, these records are used in predicting the climate of the upcoming time by comparing the records of the last few years.

RIVER INTAKE STRUCTURE

RIVER INTAKE As we know intake should be located at the upstream side of the city so pollution is minimum and this river intake should be sufficiently inside the river water so need of water can be supplied at every seasons of the year. Some river intakes are constructed near the bank of river when sufficient depth is available, some are created away from the bank of river when river bed is soft or unstable near bank, sometimes water level raised by constructing weir on the river and sometimes channel created and water led to the intake tower. This all situations divides river intake into two major types: (1) Single well type intake and (2) Twin well type intake. Parts of river intake are Intake well, Intake pipe and Jack well. River intake well has two parts, lower part is Jack well and upper part is surves pump house. SINGLE WELL TYPE RIVER INTAKE In single well type intakes water is directly enter into jack well through the penstockes (openings) created at different level. As ...

CANAL INTAKE STRUCTURE

CANAL INTAKE Canal intake structure An irrigation canal used as the source of water when other source are far from the city. Intake structure constructed near the bank of canal. An intake chamber created inside the canal using concrete or masonry having one bell mouth entry pipe inside it. Intake chamber has opening guarded with coarse screen and bell mouth entry protected with fine screen or mesh. Bell mouth entry located at expected low water level of the canal. Water enters from this bell mouth entry and conveyed through withdrawal conduits to sump well or city.

RESERVOIR INTAKE STRUCTURE

RESERVOIR INTAKE All rivers has not sufficient depth of flow throughout the year and hence dam constructed across the river to form a reservoir having sufficient depth for intake. This intake structure built upstream side near the dam and it is similar to the river intake. A typical reservoir intake well consists number of water entry ports located at various elevations so that relatively clear top water is only drawn at all seasons. All control on this entry ports is at topnof the well. Dry intakes and wet intakes formed according to the position of entry valves outer and inner of the well respectively.

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