INTAKE STRUCTURE
INTAKE STRUCTURE
Introduction
The structure or device constructed in or near the source of water for the purpose of collecting or taking water from the source of water is called INTAKE STRUCTURE. Hence, main use of intake is to draw clear (free from pollution, sand and other floating material) water from surface source of water like river, canal, dam etc. Generally intake structures are constructed from the masonry or concrete. Water entering in the intakes is discharged to the withdrawal conduits from which water is transmitted(conveyed) to the treatment plant. This discharge is safely done either by natural(gravity) flow or by pump to the withdrawal conduits.
SITE SELECTION OR LOCATION CRITERIA FOR INTAKE STRUCTURE
Quality of water, cost of conveyance or economy, quantity of water, availability of good foundation and land near the water source are some criteria for the section of intake structure site location.
Intake must be well located on the upstream side of any city or industrial area and situated at purer zone of the souce so that best quality water can drawn.
It can never located near the waste water disposal point or downstream side of any city or industrial area. So, no contamination occur.
There must not be any navigation channel near the intake site because this channel pollute water from the waste discharge from ship.
For meandering river choose location of intake at outside of the curve where deposition of silt, sand, boulders are less due to faster flow of water.
Intake should be as near to the treatment plant so conveyance cost must be less.
Site should be selected where clear water free from mud, sand and other floating material is available. Hence, load on treatment plant is less and hence cost of purification also less.
The selected site should be accessible during the flood and even can draw water during the worst condition of water level in reservoir i.e. can draw water in driest period.
Intake should be located on good foundation stone. So, it's load transmitted safely to the soil.
The site should be selected so that further expansion can be done easily.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTAKE
Various types of intake structure can be given according to source of water, position of intake structure and availability of water in the intake tower.
Comments